Abstract
Two behavior modification specialists moved onto a ward for severely and profoundly retarded blind men in a state institution and implemented programs to train them in basic self-care skills including toileting, bathing, dressing, teethbrushing, etc. They found that the residents’ blindness greatly inhibited their attaining independence in the various skill areas of the program. Measures taken indicated that the residents also had an extremely low incidence of movement and social interaction and depended upon staff to a great degree to lead them around the ward. A simple and inexpensive environmental design system utilizing wall and floor cues is proposed to decrease fear of the environment and to promote movement, independence, and social interaction among the residents.
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