Abstract
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to delineate subsurface structures at Siloam hot spring in the Soutpansberg Basin of South Africa. The spring water was reported to be hottest in South Africa. Groundwater with temperature ranging between 63.3 °C and 67.5°C was observed flowing from the spring. Relatively wet areas were noted to the south and north of the spring. Electrical resistivity arrays with Dipole-dipole and Wenner-Schlumberger configurations were used. Current injection and potential dipole separations of 5 m and 10 m were applied across the spring. Inversion results for arrays with the shorter dipole separation of 5 m had better resolution. Resistivity sections were generated from inversion of ERT data. The resistivity values for the low and high resistive zones were ρa < 10 and ρa > 70 Ωm respectively. Sub-horizontal resistivity zones were obtained from the inversion of Wenner-Schlumberger array survey data. High resistivity zones associated with dykes or sills were delineated on Dipole-dipole derived depth sections. Near vertical structures associated with water bearing faults or fractures were delineated at the Siloam hot spring.
Highlights
The focus of the study was to identify subsurface and water bearing structures at the Siloam hot spring in the Soutpansberg Basin in the Limpopo Province of South Africa
Near vertical zones with resistivity values ρa > 70 Ωm, as well as low resistivity, ρa < 13 Ωm sub-horizontal confined zones were delineated on the inversion model
Kayode et al (2016) in their study on crystalline aquifers located in southwestern Nigeria, reported that resistivity values in the range 50 to 250 Ωm were associated with weathered material that formed the groundwater aquifer
Summary
The focus of the study was to identify subsurface and water bearing structures at the Siloam hot spring in the Soutpansberg Basin in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Hot water was observed flowing from the spring. Olivier et al (2008) reported on the existence of hot springs in the Soutpansberg Basin. Nefuri (2013) highlighted an artesian borehole located 280 m southwest of the Siloam hot spring at longitude and latitude 30.1925oE and 22.895367oS, respectively, that intersected water at 18 m and a dyke at 43 m, and presented end of hole, volcanic rock drill chips. Holland and Witthüser (2011) in their analysis of borehole productivity in the Limpopo province reported that dykes, less permeable dykes, acted as flow barriers and enhanced the accumulation of water with fissuring Nefuri (2013) highlighted an artesian borehole located 280 m southwest of the Siloam hot spring at longitude and latitude 30.1925oE and 22.895367oS, respectively, that intersected water at 18 m and a dyke at 43 m, and presented end of hole, volcanic rock drill chips. Holland and Witthüser (2011) in their analysis of borehole productivity in the Limpopo province reported that dykes, less permeable dykes, acted as flow barriers and enhanced the accumulation of water with fissuring
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