Abstract
Abstract Successful control of invasive plants can have unexpected effects on native plants and wildland systems. Therefore, it is important for managers of invasive species to be concerned with ecological mechanisms and processes like invasion resistance, environmental heterogeneity, and succession that direct plant community dynamics. Augmentative restoration is a management approach for restoring desired species on wildlands dominated by invasive plants, where functioning ecological processes are maintained by selectively augmenting only those processes that are not operating sufficiently. The study was conducted within the Mission Valley, Montana, in an area where meadow vole disturbance provided site availability for colonization. In a split-plot design with four replications, eight factorial treatment combinations from three factors (shallow tilling, watering, and seeding) were applied to whole plots, and 2,4-D was applied to subplots. Cover and density of seeded species, spotted knapweed, and sulfu...
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