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Abstract
Older adults with sarcopenic obesity (SO) are at increased risk of adverse health outcomes. It has not been identified which pattern of macronutrient intake is appropriate in relation to SO. We aimed to compare the patterns of macronutrient intake for predicting SO in older adults. Data from a total of 3828 older adults who participated in the 2008–2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The one-day 24 h dietary recall method was used to assess macronutrient intake. SO was defined by a combination of body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 and BMI adjusted-appendicular skeletal muscle mass <0.789 for men and <0.512 for women. Weighted logistic regression analysis revealed the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for SO of total calorie intake per 100 increments and carbohydrate (CHO) intake (g/kg/day) per 1 increment to be 0.95 (0.91–0.99) and 0.83 (0.74–0.94), respectively, after adjusting for confounding variables in women. The predictive power for SO of CHO intake (g/kg/day) was higher compared with the other patterns of macronutrient intake both in men and women. In conclusion, total calorie intake and CHO intake (g/kg/day) are inversely related to SO in women. CHO intake (g/kg/day) could be the best index for determining SO.
Highlights
In both men and women, the mean values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), as well as the proportion of participants with abdominal obesity, the number of participants with one chronic disease, and the number of participants with at least two chronic diseases were higher in the participants with sarcopenic obesity (SO)
Total calorie intake and CHO intake per body weight are inversely related to SO
CHO intake per body weight could be an index worth investigating in the future for its association with SO
Summary
22% of the entire population will be over 60 years of age in 2050, while approximately 5% will be over 80 years of age [1]. South Korea is one of the most rapidly aging countries in the world. 2019, the proportion of people aged 65 and over was 15.5 percent of the total population. According to Statistics Korea, South Korea will become the world’s oldest society by 2067, with older adults accounting for 46.5 percent of the population [2]. Changes in body composition with aging are characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and a concomitant increase in fat mass, with or without changes in body weight [3,4,5]
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