Using Design Thinking to Improve Patient-Provider Communication in the Emergency Department.

Abstract

Emergency department overcrowding has been identified as a quality and patient safety concern. The need for a project focused on mitigating risk in the setting of overcrowding was identified. Design thinking is an improvement methodology that uses a process that prioritizes empathy for end users and is optimal for abstract problems. The team leveraged design thinking to walk through a 5-step process. In the empathize phase, inputs were collected and safety themes identified. In the define phase, optimal communication was identified as the focus area of the project. During the ideate phase, the team looked both internally and externally to identify tactics that existed to improve communication. Next, the team prototyped different solutions. In the testing phase, 33 trainings with 289 clinicians were conducted. The evaluation of this program demonstrated that it was positively received by clinicians. Although only 72% of clinicians believed the course would be a valuable use of their time before taking it, 97% reported it was a valuable use of their time following completion (P < .001). Precourse self-evaluation of knowledge, skill, and ability was high. Despite this, postcourse self-efficacy improved significantly in all 4 domains studied. Design thinking offers an agile method for process improvement that was ideal for our relatively abstract problem. Although likely not an optimal method for a problem that is well understood, design thinking holds promise for many of the increasingly patient-centered initiatives that are underway in health care.