Using Cyclodextrins to Encapsulate Oxygen-Centered and Carbon-Centered Radical Adducts: The Case of DMPO, PBN, and MNP Spin Traps

Abstract

We present electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments that describe the interaction of beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) with spin adducts of three spin traps: 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO), N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN), and 2-methyl-2-nitrosopropane (MNP). The focus was on spin adducts of oxygen-centered radicals trapped by DMPO and PBN and on carbon-centered radical adducts trapped by MNP. The radicals were generated by reaction with hydroxyl radicals and the spin adducts studied were DMPO/OH and PBN/OH, MNP/CH(2)COOH generated in CH(3)COOH, and MNP/CF(2)COOH in CF(2)HCOOH. Di-tert-butyl nitroxide ((CH(3))(3)C)(2)NO (DTBN) was also detected in experiments with MNP as the spin trap. A range of interactions of the spin adducts and DTBN with beta-CD was identified. The presence of beta-CD led to significant stabilization of DMPO/OH and PBN/OH but to a negligible effect on the (14)N hyperfine splitting of the adducts, a(N), indicating that the N-O group is outside the beta-CD cavity. An increase of a(N) was detected for DTBN and MNP/CH(2)COOH in CH(3)COOH in the presence of beta-CD, a result we assigned to bonding at the rim of the host. Experiments with methylated beta-CD (Me beta-CD) provided support for this conclusion. A different type of complexation was detected for DTBN and MNP/CF(2)COOH in CF(2)HCOOH: for specific host concentrations both "in" and "out" species were detected. We suggest that the hydrophobicity of the fluorinated adduct leads to insertion of the adduct inside the host cavity. Calculation of the association constant K(a) indicated the competition between DTBN and the adduct for inclusion in the host. For MNP as spin trap, the two nitroxide radicals (adduct and DTBN) have the same type of interaction with the host: at the rim in acetic acid, and inside the host cavity in CF(2)HCOOH. Experiments with DTBN in the absence of the spin trap and of adducts illuminated the effect of the local polarity and of the pH on the hyperfine splittings and indicated that the presence of acetic acid encourages rim complexation.