Abstract
For strata that have experienced continual burial in the early stage and uplift in the late stage, the present-day temperature is lower than the maximum burial temperature (MBT), which is a key parameter for studying the hydrocarbon generation history of source rocks in petroliferous basins. In this paper, a new method for reconstructing the MBT is proposed based on the solid-state reordering model of carbonate clumped isotopes (Δ47). The MBT reconstructed using the Δ47 was compared with the MBT constrained using the traditional Easy%Ro model. The clumped isotope temperature (TΔ47) of the Permian micritic limestone from the Xibeixiang outcrop (about 62°C) is much higher than its initial formation temperature (20–25°C), suggesting that the limestone experienced partial solid-state reordering during the late burial process. The MBT of the calcite obtained from the solid-state reordering model is 139–147°C, which is quite similar to the MBT determined using the Easy%Ro model (139.5–147.5°C). TΔ47 of the Permian and Triassic limestone and calcite cements in the Puguang gas field are 150–180°C, while TΔ47 of the micritic dolostone is about 70°C, suggesting that the Δ47 of the limestone and calcite cements experienced complete solid-state reordering and the dolostone only experienced partial solid-state reordering. The MBT of the dolomite determined using the solid-state reordering model is 200–220°C, which is also similar to the MBT determined using the Easy%Ro model (202–227°C). Therefore, the case studies from the Sichuan Basin suggest that Δ47 can be used to reconstruct the MBT of ancient carbonate strata lacking vitrinite and detrital zircon data. However, different types of carbonate samples should be used to reconstruct the MBT for strata that have experienced different temperature histories. Micritic limestone and very finely crystallized dolostone can be used to reconstruct the MBT of strata that have experienced MBTs of <150–200°C and >200–250°C, respectively.
Highlights
IntroductionThe burial temperature (especially the maximum burial temperature, MBT) of certain strata in a particular sedimentary basin is closely related to the maturity of the organic matter and the hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks (Hunt, 1996; Helgeson et al, 2009; Qiu et al, 2012), and it can affect the phases in oil and gas reservoirs (Barker, 1990; Hill et al, 2003; Zhu et al, 2018)
The burial temperature of certain strata in a particular sedimentary basin is closely related to the maturity of the organic matter and the hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks (Hunt, 1996; Helgeson et al, 2009; Qiu et al, 2012), and it can affect the phases in oil and gas reservoirs (Barker, 1990; Hill et al, 2003; Zhu et al, 2018)
For sedimentary basins that subsided in the early stage and were uplifted and exhumed in the late stage, the present-day burial temperature of certain strata is usually lower than the maximum burial temperature (MBT) (Hao et al, 2008; English et al, 2016; Dou et al, 2021), which cannot be directly determined using current heat flow or geothermal gradient models
Summary
The burial temperature (especially the maximum burial temperature, MBT) of certain strata in a particular sedimentary basin is closely related to the maturity of the organic matter and the hydrocarbon generation of the source rocks (Hunt, 1996; Helgeson et al, 2009; Qiu et al, 2012), and it can affect the phases in oil and gas reservoirs (Barker, 1990; Hill et al, 2003; Zhu et al, 2018). Common methods of MBT reconstruction include the maturity index of the organic matter (Héroux et al, 1979; Hackley et al, 2015; Luo et al, 2020b) and low temperature thermochronology (Carlson, 1990; Craddock and Houseknecht, 2016; Ehlers and Farley, 2003; Yamada et al, 2007). Low temperature thermochronology mainly uses annealing kinetic models of fission tracks in minerals (such as apatite and zircon) and (U-Th)/He thermochronology to determine the temperature evolution (Carlson, 1990; Craddock and Houseknecht, 2016; Ehlers and Farley, 2003; Yamada et al, 2007). For ancient marine strata, both the maturity index of the organic matter and low temperature thermochronology have certain limitations in MBT reconstruction
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