Abstract
In this work, we report the use of bio-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (BMNs) and dynamic magnetic resonance (DMR) to characterize the time-dependent spin-spin relaxation time for sensitive bio-detection. The biomarkers are the human C-reactive protein (CRP) while the BMNs are the anti-CRP bound onto dextran-coated Fe3O4 particles labeled as Fe3O4-antiCRP. It was found the time-dependent spin-spin relaxation time, T2, of protons decreases as time evolves. Additionally, the ΔT2 of of protons in BMNs increases as the concentration of CRP increases. We attribute these to the formation of the magnetic clusters that deteriorate the field homogeneity of nearby protons. A sensitivity better than 0.1 μg/mL for assaying CRP is achieved, which is much higher than that required by the clinical criteria (0.5 mg/dL). The present MR-detection platform shows promise for further use in detecting tumors, viruses, and proteins.
Highlights
A number of diagnostic platforms have been developed to measure the abundance of biomolecules with high sensitivity
As we assay the C-reactive protein (CRP), we find that there is a reduction in T2-relaxation time as time evolves
We report the time-dependent T2-relaxation of protons as the Fe3O4-AntiCRP is associated with CRP
Summary
A number of diagnostic platforms have been developed to measure the abundance of biomolecules with high sensitivity. Magnetic detection can be implemented via the measurements of magnetic relaxation [4,16], remanent magnetization [5], alternating current (ac) susceptibility immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) assay [17], saturation magnetization [18], spin-spin relaxation [19]. The sensors to such a system would include SQUID sensors [20], magnetoresistive sensors [21], micro-MR sensors [22], and magnetic nanotag sensors [23]
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