Using BAR Switch to Prevent Black Bird Embedded Double Spending Attack

Abstract

Blockchain technology has made significant success, but it is also vulnerable for cyberattacks. A particular form of attack is black bird embedded double spending attack. In our previous research we have proposed block access restriction (BAR) switch to deal with the threat of double spending attack (DSA) in blockchain systems. In this paper we continue our work and present the research of extending the basic BAR switch mechanism to prevent DSA in which black birds are embedded. We will refer this kind of attacks as black bird embedded double spending attack (BBEDSA). We discuss main considerations of how to extend basic BAR mechanism to handle BBEDSA and describe detailed steps of using this mechanism.