Abstract
WQI is a mathematical method used to convert the bulk of the information into a single number to express the data in a simplified and explicable form. This study is concerned with evaluating an applicable WQI for irrigation use at several locations on Shatt Al-Kufa. The ten water quality parameters of pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solid (TDS), Total Hardness (T.H), Calcium (Ca+2), Magnesium (Mg+2), Sodium (Na+), Potassium (K+), Chlorides (Cl-1) and Sulphate (SO4)-2 were studied over a period of twelve months (January to December 2017) for six selected locations, including Zerkh, Kufa, Manathira, Hira, Mashkhaband Qadisiya on Shatt Al-Kufa, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) was also calculated. Two methods (Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava) were applied to categorize the WQI of the raw river water for irrigation use, and then a comparison of the two methods was made to determine the difference between them. The Results of the overall, annual and seasonal WQI values according to both Weighted Arithmetic and Bhargava methods were classified as good in all selected locations with the except of some cases in summer, spring and autumn seasons for Weighted Arithmetic which were classified as excellent (0-25). The difference between the two methods is also presented.
Highlights
People increases and higher living standards are likely to cause increased demand for the river water
It is important to make detailed studies to assess the suitability of the river water for various purposes The objectives of this study can be potted by: - Study the physical and chemical parameters of surface water at different locations in Shatt Al- Kufa and determine the main parameters that are consider the main pollutant to the river. - Calculate Water Quality Index (WQI) using two different methods (Weighted and Bhargava) to assess the suitability of Shatt Al-Kufa for irrigation use. - Compare the results of the two methods to find the causes for the decay in water quality
The annual and seasonal Weighted Arithmetic WQI for irrigation use were classified as good (26-50) for all selected locations with the except of locations A, B, C in the summer and autumn seasons, locations D and E in the summer season and location F in the spring and summer seasons which were Excellent (0-25) when coordinated against the cataloging of the Weighted Arithmetic method
Summary
People increases and higher living standards are likely to cause increased demand for the river water. Water Quality Index (WQI) is one of the most active tools to connect data on the quality of water to concerned citizens and policy makers It becomes a significant factor for the assessment and management of water. Shatt Al- Kufa (Kufa River) is the main source of water needed for drinking, irrigation, industry and other uses in Kufa and Najaf cities. This river has shown decreasing quantity and quality of water because fast growth of agricultural, municipal, and industrial activities especially when coupled with the decreasing in its discharge. It is important to make detailed studies to assess the suitability of the river water for various purposes The objectives of this study can be potted by: - Study the physical and chemical parameters of surface water at different locations in Shatt Al- Kufa and determine the main parameters that are consider the main pollutant to the river. - Calculate WQI using two different methods (Weighted and Bhargava) to assess the suitability of Shatt Al-Kufa for irrigation use. - Compare the results of the two methods to find the causes for the decay in water quality
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