Abstract
BackgroundIt is reported that an increase in food diversity would lower the risk of cardiac–cerebral vascular diseases.MethodsA new index was introduced to develop a Chinese healthy food diversity (HFD) index, exploring the association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components among Chinese adults. Two sets of data were used. The primary data were from a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2016 called the Chinese Urban Adults Diet and Health Study (CUADHS); the verification data were from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) of 2009. The Chinese HFD index was developed according to the Chinese Dietary Guideline, with food consumption information from 24-h dietary recalls. The association between the index and MetS and its components was explored in logistic regression models.ResultsAmong 1520 participants in the CUADHS, the crude prevalence of MetS was 36.4%, which was 29.0% after the standardisation of age and gender by the 2010 Chinese national census. In the CUADHS, the HFD index ranged from 0.04 to 0.63. The value of the index among participants who are male, young, poorly educated, drinking or smoking, and with high energy intakes was significantly lower than that of their counterparts. In the verification dataset of the CHNS, there were 2398 participants, and the distribution of different genders and age groups was more balanced. The crude prevalence of MetS in the CHNS was 27.3% and the standardised prevalence was 19.5%. The Chinese HFD index ranged from 0.02 to 0.62. In the CUADHS, the Chinese HFD index was not significantly associated with MetS in covariate-adjusted models or with its components. In the CHNS, the Chinese HFD index had a significantly negative correlation with MetS and its components (i.e., elevated fasting glucose and elevated waist circumference) in covariate-adjusted models.ConclusionsIncreased food diversity may decrease the risk of MetS, which is important in dietary interventions of cardiac–cerebral vascular disease. This underscores the necessity of continued investigation into the role of HFD in the prevention of MetS and provides an integral framework for ongoing research.
Highlights
It is reported that an increase in food diversity would lower the risk of cardiac–cerebral vascular diseases
Our research showed that the Chinese healthy food diversity (HFD) index was negatively correlated with Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and some of its components, indicating that the increase in food diversity would decrease the risk of MetS
This study quantitatively described the status of MetS and the Chinese HFD index, and found that the Chinese HFD index was negatively associated with MetS and some of its components, such as elevated waist circumference (WC) and elevated fasting glucose
Summary
It is reported that an increase in food diversity would lower the risk of cardiac–cerebral vascular diseases. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes and has been a public health challenge globally [1,2,3]. People diagnosed with MetS have a five-time higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes and are twice as likely to develop CVD within the 5–10 years [4, 5]. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the United States showed that the prevalence of MetS among adults increased from 25.3% in 1988–1994 to 34.2% in 2007–2012. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from 2008 to 2013 found a stable prevalence of 28.9%. In China’s most recent national survey in 2009, a prevalence of 21.3% was reported [6,7,8]. It should be noticed that the prevalence of MetS in different areas of China was largely altered, ranging from 20 to 45% [9,10,11]
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