Abstract
A signal processing technique is described that provides precise estimates of the change in travel time of acoustic pulses using an optimal combination of multipath phase and amplitude [J. L. Spiesberger etal., J. Oceanogr. Eng. 14, 108–119 (1989)]. Limits to the precision of the estimator for basin-scale transmissions (0.135 ms at 2-min interval) are imposed by internal waves rather than acoustic noise. The technique does not require any understanding of the spatial coordinates of acoustic paths between the source and receiver and is thus easy to use. The technique was used in the Heard Island feasibility experiment. Applications of this signal processing technique to new observations of mode 1 internal waves in the north Pacific Basin are also discussed.
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