Using a trait-based approach to optimize mixotrophic growth of the red microalga Porphyridium purpureum towards fatty acid production

Kailin Jiao,Yinghua Lu,Xing Tang,Edward A Laws,Xueping Ling,Lu Lin,Yuanchao Xu,Shih-Hsin Ho,Wupeng Xiao,Yong Sun,Xianhai Zeng,Tuo Shi

doi:10.1186/s13068-018-1277-7

Abstract

BackgroundOrganic carbon sources have been reported to simultaneously increase the growth and lipid accumulation in microalgae. However, there have been no studies of the mixotrophic growth of Porphyridium purpureum in organic carbon media. In this study, three organic carbon sources, glucose, sodium acetate, and glycerol were used as substrates for the mixotrophic growth of P. purpureum. Moreover, a novel trait-based approach combined with Generalized Additive Modeling was conducted to determine the dosage of each organic carbon source that optimized the concentration of cell biomass or fatty acid.ResultsA 0.50% (w/v) dosage of glucose was optimum for the enhancement of the cell growth of P. purpureum, whereas sodium acetate performed well in enhancing cell growth, arachidonic acid (ARA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) content, and glycerol was characterized by its best performance in promoting both cell growth and ARA/EPA ratio. The optimum dosages of sodium acetate and glycerol for the ARA concentration were 0.25% (w/v) and 0.38% (v/v), respectively. An ARA concentration of 211.47 mg L−1 was obtained at the optimum dosage of glycerol, which is the highest ever reported.ConclusionsThe results suggested that a comprehensive consider of several traits offers an effective strategy to select an optimum dosage for economic and safe microalgae cultivation. This study represents the first attempt of mixotrophic growth of P. purpureum and proved that both biomass and ARA accumulation could be enhanced under supplements of organic carbon sources, which brightens the commercial cultivation of microalgae for ARA production.

Highlights

Organic carbon sources have been reported to simultaneously increase the growth and lipid accumu‐ lation in microalgae
The major poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that benefits from favorable growth conditions is eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5ω3), which is the downstream product of arachidonic acid (ARA) [3,4,5,6,7]
Three organic carbon sources, glucose, sodium acetate, and glycerol [11, 12, 27, 28] were used as substrates for the mixotrophic growth of P. purpureum

Summary

Introduction

Organic carbon sources have been reported to simultaneously increase the growth and lipid accumu‐ lation in microalgae. There have been no studies of the mixotrophic growth of Porphyridium purpureum in organic carbon media. Three organic carbon sources, glucose, sodium acetate, and glycerol were used as substrates for the mixotrophic growth of P. purpureum. A high ARA content is usually obtained under stressful conditions. These conditions include low light intensity, suboptimal temperature, suboptimal pH, high salinity, and micronutrient limitation [3,4,5,6,7]. All of these conditions are detrimental to the production of algal biomass. The result is an increase of ARA content but a decrease in ARA production, i.e., a decrease in ARA content × algal biomass production

Methods

Results

Conclusion