Abstract
Despite recent advances in understanding tree species sensitivities to climate change, ecological knowledge on different species remains scattered across disparate sources, precluding their inclusion in vulnerability assessments. Information on potential sensitivities is needed to identify tree species that require consideration, inform changes to current silvicultural practices and prioritize management actions. A trait-based approach was used to overcome some of the challenges involved in assessing sensitivity, providing a common framework to facilitate data integration and species comparisons. Focusing on 26 abundant tree species from eastern Canada, we developed a series of trait-based indices that capture a species’ ability to cope with three key climate change stressors—increased drought events, shifts in climatically suitable habitat, increased fire intensity and frequency. Ten indices were developed by breaking down species’ response to a stressor into its strategies, mechanisms and traits. Species-specific sensitivities varied across climate stressors but also among the various ways a species can cope with a given stressor. Of the 26 species assessed, Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière and Abies balsamea (L.) Mill are classified as the most sensitive species across all indices while Acer rubrum L. and Populus spp. are the least sensitive. Information was found for 95% of the trait-species combinations but the quality of available data varies between indices and species. Notably, some traits related to individual-level sensitivity to drought were poorly documented as well as deciduous species found within the temperate biome. We also discuss how our indices compare with other published indices, using drought sensitivity as an example. Finally, we discuss how the information captured by these indices can be used to inform vulnerability assessments and the development of adaptation measures for species with different management requirements under climate change.
Highlights
Climate change is expected to profoundly alter the frequency, duration, and severity of extreme events such as drought and fire to [1,2].In addition, will experience altered growingof conditionsClimate change is expected profoundly alterforests the frequency, duration, and severity extreme due tosuch rapid in temperature shifting precipitation trends altered [3,4]
Building on the frameworks proposed by [13], we show how a trait-based approach can be used to evaluate tree species sensitivity to three key climate change stressors: increased drought events, shifts in climatically suitable habitat, increased fire intensity and frequency
We provide a series of trait-based indices on the sensitivities of the most abundant tree species in eastern Canada to three important climate change stressors: increased occurrence of drought, shifts in suitable climate conditions and more frequent and intense fires
Summary
Climate change is expected to profoundly alter the frequency, duration, and severity of extreme events such as drought and fire to [1,2].In addition, will experience altered growingof conditionsClimate change is expected profoundly alterforests the frequency, duration, and severity extreme due tosuch rapid in temperature shifting precipitation trends altered [3,4]. Forests will experience growing conditions result in declining forest health or increasing mortality, and potentially precipitate abrupt shifts in due to rapid increases in temperature and shifting precipitation trends [3,4] These stressors could result species composition [5,6,7].orTo anticipatemortality, potentialand impacts of theseprecipitate stressors on forestshifts ecosystems and in declining forest health increasing potentially abrupt in species develop corresponding adaptation strategies, forestry practitioners increasingly climatecomposition [5,6,7]. To anticipate potential impacts of these stressors on are forest ecosystemsusing and develop based vulnerability assessments [8,9] These assessments traditionally rely heavily exposure, i.e., corresponding adaptation strategies, forestry practitioners are increasingly usingonclimate-based the magnitude of projected environmental change [10,11,12]
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