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Abstract
Harmonic resonance often manifests as high harmonic voltages in a power system. This produces losses and affects other consumers in the grid negatively. Capacitance switching applications also involve not only interrupting capacitive currents, but also the energizing of capacitor banks, cables and overhead lines. The applications of capacitors are extensively used in power systems for voltage support and power factor correction. However, the main concern arising from the use of capacitors is the possibility of system resonance. This study investigates the frequent capacitor bank tripping and damages in one of the distribution substations of the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG). The study was conducted using the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) software for the simulation. The results showed that, the failures were related to harmonic resonance. Selected series connected inductors were recommended to shift the resonant frequencies of the network below characteristics harmonic frequencies.
Highlights
Power systems contain lumped capacitors such as capacitor banks for voltage regulation or power factor improvement and capacitors that are part of filter banks to filter out higher harmonics
In order to determine the cause of the tripping in this case, the Electromagnetic Transient Program (EMTP) is used to simulate the energization of the switched capacitor
Nowadays, cause many problems like equipment failures and plant shutdowns. Mitigation of these harmonics is important especially for industrial applications where, any small downtime period may lead to great economic losses
Summary
Power systems contain lumped capacitors such as capacitor banks for voltage regulation or (and) power factor improvement and capacitors that are part of filter banks to filter out higher harmonics. Capacitive switching requires special attention because, after current interruption, the capacitive load contains electrical charge which can cause a dielectric reignition of the switching device. When this process occurs repeatedly, the interruption of capacitive currents emerges and causes high over-voltages (Ciok, 1962; Khan et al, 1994; Ware et al, 1990). The application of shunt capacitors for voltage support and power factor correction is a common practice in the power industry. Whenever a shunt capacitor is to be added to a network or resized, system planners are interested in knowing if the proposed capacitor installation would resonate with the system. If there is a resonance, the problem is much severe
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