Abstract
Abstract. In recent year, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains, but many 3D GIS applications are nevertheless restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. From a 3D GIS perspective, this study proposes a web-based system facilitating the simulation, analysis and visualization of disaster caused by tsunami and floods because these two types of hazard are highly related to the height and depth aspects. The core of the proposed system is the hierarchical 3D building framework capable of modelling different levels of building units and linking domain data via standardized identifiers in an integrated fashion. The system is designed as a decision support system that allows users to import real or simulated disaster scenarios and automatically response with the visualized damage assessment information. The 3D illustration not only provides a direct and intuitive interface for decision makers to visually inspect the outcomes at different levels of granularity, the symbology of 3D buildings can be also flexibly customized to highlight the impacts according to the perspective of the chosen applications. Quantitative vulnerability indexes are dynamically updated according to the timeline of the imported disasters to aid the decision of emergency response actions. The evacuation plan also can additionally consider the 3D aspects, such that citizens will be provided with information about nearby safe places (e.g., tall buildings or high hills) to reduce the loss of lives.
Highlights
In 2011, the Tohoku earthquake caused massive economic loss and humanitarian crisis to Japan
We proposed a geographic information system (GIS)-based approach that integrates the technology of Web, 3D GIS, visualization and decision making in this study, so as to provide a new insight to the mechanism of disaster management
Four types of geospatial data are used in this study shown in Table 3, namely, Digital Terrain Model (DTM), 3D buildings, 3D roads, and raster data of disaster potential
Summary
In 2011, the Tohoku earthquake caused massive economic loss and humanitarian crisis to Japan. Often caused by heavy rainfall or typhoon, flood brings tremendous damages to the buildings and facilities, and even force people to temporarily evacuate to shelters for better protection Both types of hazard must take the aspects of height and depth, i.e., 3D perspective, into consideration. We propose to develop a web-based disaster management system using 3D GIS technology This system intends to model selected phenomena in a 3D fashion, simulate disaster scenarios according users’ given parameters and visually present analysed outcomes as reference for decision making. Such decision-making systems can be used for assessing evacuation plans in the mitigation phase and transforming the results into an operational procedure during the emergence response process
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