Ushinsky and the Soviet School (From the Historical Experience of the Creation of the National Education System)

Abstract

In 2023, the founder of the national school and pedagogy, K. D. Ushinsky, turned 200 years old. The interest in the work of outstanding teachers observed in the information and educational space of the country was due not only to the youth, but also to the announcement of 2023. The year of the teacher and mentor. In carrying out the tasks formulated in the Presidential Decree “On the approval of the foundations of state policy for the preservation and strengthening of traditional Russian spiritual and moral values”, a significant place is given to the domestic education system. The task of the sovereignty of education should be solved, according to the President of the Russian Federation V. V. Putin, based on the experience and achievements of national pedagogy and school. The article examines some aspects of the educational policy of the Soviet state during the formation of the national school model, which absorbed the best pre-revolutionary traditions and achievements of the Soviet period. The need to “transfer schools to education and upbringing in the spirit of national-state patriotism” required the return of K. D. Ushinsky’s creative heritage to pedagogical theory and practice. A special place in this process belonged to the People’s Commissar of Enlightenment of the RSFSR V. P. Potemkin, in many ways — the “spiritual heir” of Ushinsky. Russian history and literature, achievements of Russian culture and pedagogy have firmly entered into the practice of teaching and upbringing, becoming the strongest feature of one of the “best schools” in the world.