User behavior modeling for better Web search ranking

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Modern search engines record user interactions and use them to improve search quality. In particular, user click-through has been successfully used to improve clickthrough rate (CTR), Web search ranking, and query recommendations and suggestions. Although click-through logs can provide implicit feedback of users' click preferences, deriving accurate absolute relevance judgments is difficult because of the existence of click noises and behavior biases. Previous studies showed that user clicking behaviors are biased toward many aspects such as "position" (user's attention decreases from top to bottom) and "trust" (Web site reputations will affect user's judgment). To address these problems, researchers have proposed several behavior models (usually referred to as click models) to describe users? practical browsing behaviors and to obtain an unbiased estimation of result relevance. In this study, we review recent efforts to construct click models for better search ranking and propose a novel convolutional neural network architecture for building click models. Compared to traditional click models, our model not only considers user behavior assumptions as input signals but also uses the content and context information of search engine result pages. In addition, our model uses parameters from traditional click models to restrict the meaning of some outputs in our model's hidden layer. Experimental results show that the proposed model can achieve considerable improvement over state-of-the-art click models based on the evaluation metric of click perplexity.