Usefulness of Preoperative Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma

Abstract

This study investigated response rate, toxicity, and influence on intra- and postoperative complications of neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation in locally advanced (Figo IB2–IIIB) cervical carcinomas. Twenty-eight patients (median age 46.5 years, age range 29–73 years), diagnosed as having squamous cell carcinomas (n = 21), adenocarcinomas (n = 6), and undifferentiated carcinoma (n = 1), entered this study. The chemoradiation protocol included external radiotherapy to the pelvis (39.6 Gy), intra-arterial or intravenous infusion of cisplatin (70 mg/m² on days 1 and 22), and 24-hour continuous intravenous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (700 mg/m² on days 1–4 and 22–25). Two weeks after the end of chemoradiotherapy, the patients underwent restaging followed by suitable operation including pelvic lymphadenectomy. The median follow-up period in the surviving patients was 13.1 months. The response rate for chemoradiation was 93% (26/28). The 2-year disease free survival was 85.2%. Grade 3–4 neutropenia was observed in 14 patients (50%), 4 patients (14%) showed grade 3 anemia, and 5 patients (17.8%) showed grade 3–4 thrombocytopenia. Nineteen patients (67.8%) could undergo surgery after concurrent chemoradiation. Pathological examination revealed a complete response (pT0) in 7 patients, and 5 patients showed only microscopic residual disease (pTmic). In 4 patients, there were intraoperative complications: vesical lesions in 2 (10%) and small intestine lesions in 2 (10%). Neoadjuvant therapy with concurrent chemoradiation for locally advanced cervical carcinoma is effective, safe, and useful for increasing operability rates as well as decreasing intra- and postoperative complications. Therefore, neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiation should be considered for treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical carcinomas who could not undergo primary operation.