Usefulness of eight screening tools for predicting frailty and postoperative short- and long-term outcomes among older patients with cancer who qualify for abdominal surgery

Abstract

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to compare the ability of eight frailty screening scores to predict short- (30-day major morbidity and mortality), long-term outcomes (12-month mortality) and to compare their accuracy for predicting frailty among older patients with cancer undergoing elective abdominal surgery with curative intent. Materials and methodsConsecutive patients aged ≥70 years were enrolled prospectively. The diagnostic performance of eight screening tests were evaluated: The Vulnerable Elderly Survey (VES-13), Triage Risk Screening Tool (TRST), Geriatric 8 (G8), Groningen Frailty Index (GFI), abbreviated Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (aCGA), Rockwood, Balducci and Fried score. Frailty was defined based on the Geriatric Assessment (GA) with two (2ID) or three impaired domains (3ID). ResultsThe study included 269 consecutive patients; median age 78 (range 70–94) years. The prevalence of frailty based on the reference GA was: 40.9% (2ID), 34.2% (3ID) and using screening tools 40–75.5%. The area under the curve (AUC) for predicting the postoperative outcome was: 0.58–0.75 (30-day morbidity), 0.54–0.71 (30-day mortality) and 0.59–0.74 (12-month mortality), respectively, being the highest for the G8. The AUC for the frailty screening tests was: 0.67–0.85 (at the 2ID) and 0.63–0.83 (at the 3ID), being the highest for the aCGA. ConclusionThe G8 was the best predictor of 30-day major morbidity, 30-day and 12-month mortality. It also had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value in frailty screening, in case of both frailty definitions. In turn, the aCGA had the highest discriminatory ability in terms of frailty screening.