Abstract
To examine the spatial distribution of a useful field of view (UFOV) in driving, reaction times (RTs) and eye movements were measured in simulated driving. In the experiment, a normal or mirror-reversed letter “E” was presented on driving images with different eccentricities and directions from the current gaze position. The results showed significantly slower RTs in the upper and upper left directions than in the other directions. The RTs were significantly slower in the left directions than in the right directions. These results suggest that the UFOV in driving may be asymmetrical among the meridians in the visual field.
Highlights
To drive a car safely, drivers must perceive relevant objects quickly and accurately in a dynamically changing environment
It is noteworthy that the right direction of the target presentation from the gaze position was defined as 0 deg
The reaction times (RTs) tended to be slower in the left direction than in the right direction
Summary
To drive a car safely, drivers must perceive relevant objects (e.g., traffic signs, pedestrians, and cars) quickly and accurately in a dynamically changing environment. Since research has shown that the risk of accidents correlates with the size of the UFOV and the number of accidents increases as the size of the UFOV decreases (Owsley et al, 1998; Owsley, Ball, Sloane, Roenker, & Bruni, 1991; Rogé, Pébayle, Campagne, & Muzet, 2005), it is widely accepted that the UFOV plays an important role in perceiving relevant objects while driving (e.g., Hills, 1980). In a standard task used in those studies, participants were required to perform an identification task presented in the central part of the visual field while detecting or localizing a target presented in the peripheral area of the visual field. Ikeda and Takeuchi (1975) examined the UFOV with different foveal task loads In their experiment, participants were asked to detect a peripheral target (a star) presented within distracters (distorted triangles) while performing a central task (e.g., identification of letters, numbers, or traffic signs). The size of the UFOV widened more in the horizontal directions than in the vertical directions
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