Abstract
The present work highlights the valorization of the bulky recalcitrant lignocellulose byproduct wheat straw (WS) for the enhanced production of value-added xylanase by the locally sourced novel Penicillium chrysogenum strain A3 DSM105774 for the first time. The optimized production of xylanase by submerged state of fermentation of WS was achieved using a three-step statistical and sequential approach: one factor at a time (OFAT), Plackett–Burman design (PBD), and Box Behnken design (BBD). Incubation temperature (30 °C), WS, and ammonium sulphate were the key determinants prompting xylanase production; inferred from OFAT. The WS concentration (%(w/v)), yeast extract concentration (%(w/v)), and initial pH of the production medium imposed significant effects (p ≤ 0.05) on the produced xylanase, realized from PBD. The predicted levels of WS concentration, initial pH of the production medium, and yeast extract concentration provoking the ultimate xylanase levels (53.7 U/mL) with an 8.95-fold enhancement, localized by the estimated ridge of the steepest ascent of the ridge analysis path, were 3.8% (w/v), 5.1, and 0.098% (w/v), respectively; 94.7% lab validation. The current data underpin the up-scaling of xylanase production using this eco-friendly, cheap, and robust methodology for the valorization of WS into the value-added product xylanase.
Highlights
The two independent factors imposing significant consequences on xylanase production deduced from one factor at a time (OFAT): wheat straw concentration (% (w/v)) and ammonium sulphate concentration (% (w/v)) as well as three independent factors; incubation time, yeast extract concentration (%(w/v)), and initial pH of the production medium were further studied by PDB; the step in the optimization strategy
RDNA nucleotide sequence by BLASTn followed by a phylogenetic tree construction did reveal that the promising xylanase producer isolate affiliated as Penicillium chrysogenum (Figure 1B)
The present findings prove the eigenvalues: [λ1 = −0.0924, λ3 = −0.1675 and λ5 = −0.4669] for RSM model of xylanase production by P. chrysogenum strain A3 DSM105774
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Wheat straw (designated hereafter as WS) is a recalcitrant agro-industrial waste byproduct containing lignocelluloses. Penicillium janthinellum [14], 2015), Trichoderma harzianum ZF-2 [15], P. chrysogenum [16], Paecilomyces thermophila J18 [17], Aspergillus ochraceus [18], and A. niger strain [19] were reported as potential fungi for the management of the lignocellulose byproduct WS and for the WS valorization into value added products in the form of cellulases, laccases, α-amylases, xylanases, and β-xylosoxidases, respectively. Over the few last decades, numerous fungal strains were tried for the production of live xylanases using lignocelluloses agro-industrial waste byproducts such as sorghum straw by Thermomyces lanuginosus (D2 W3 ) [22], rice husk by T. lanuginosus strain A3-1 DSM. (b) to customize an inexpensive xylanase production medium containing the zero-cost substrate WS as a co-sole carbon source and xylanase inducer
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