Abstract
The use of domestic sewage and other liquid wastes for irrigation of food and forage crops has been under scrutiny for almost 100 years but the benefits, risks and costs continue to be evaluated, particularly in arid zones. The physical, chemical, biological and hygienic properties of wastewater vary greatly with method of treatment employed. In this paper the several well known generic methods of wastewater treatment and some less known newer methods are examined in detail with respect to these properties in arid zones. Trade offs in land energy and resources are also subjected to stochastic examination.
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