Use of visible and near-infrared spectroscopy to predict pork longissimus lean color stability1,2,3

Abstract

This study evaluated the use of visible and near-infrared (VISNIR) spectroscopy to predict lean color stability in pork loin chops. Spectra were collected immediately after and approximately 1 h after rib removal on 1,208 loins. Loins were aged for 14 d before a 2.54-cm chop was placed in simulated retail display. Spectra were collected on aged loins immediately after removal from the vacuum package and on chops 10 min after cutting. Instrumental color measurements [L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma, and E (overall color change)] were determined on d 0, 1, 7, 11, and 14 of display. Principal components analysis of display d 0 and 14 values of these traits identified a factor (first principal component; PC1) explaining 67% of the variance that was related to color change. Partial least squares regression was used to develop 3 models to predict PC1 values by using VISNIR spectra collected in the plant, on aged loins, and on chops. Loins with predicted PC1 values less than 0 were classified as having a stable color, whereas values greater than 0 were classified as having a labile lean color. Loins classified as stable by the in-plant model had smaller (P < 0.05) L* values than those classified as labile. Hue angle and ΔE values were less (P < 0.05) and a* and chroma values were greater (P < 0.05) after d 7 of display in loins predicted to have a stable color than in loins predicted to have a labile lean color. Similarly, chops from loins classified as stable using the aged loin model had smaller (P < 0.05) L* values than those from loins classified as labile. Furthermore, loins predicted to be stable had smaller (P < 0.05) hue angle and ΔE values and greater (P < 0.05) a* and chroma values after d 7 of display than did loins predicted to be labile. Results for the chop model were similar to those from the 2 loin models. Chops predicted to have a stable lean color had smaller (P < 0.05) L* values than did those predicted to have a labile lean color. Chops classified as stable had smaller (P < 0.05) hue angle and ΔE values and greater (P < 0.05) a* and chroma values after d 7 of display compared with chops classified as labile. All 3 models effectively segregated chops based on color stability, particularly with regard to redness. Regardless of the model being used, d 14 display values for a*, hue angle, and ΔE in loins classified as stable were similar to the d 7 values of loins classified as labile. Thus, these results suggest that VISNIR spectroscopy would be an effective technology for sorting pork loins with regard to lean color stability.