Abstract
BackgroundWeb-based surveys are increasingly used to capture data essential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention research. However, there are challenges in ensuring the informed consent of Web-based research participants.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to develop and assess the efficacy of alternative methods of administering informed consent in Web-based HIV research with men who have sex with men (MSM).MethodsFrom July to September 2014, paid advertisements on Facebook were used to recruit adult MSM living in the United States for a Web-based survey about risk and preventive behaviors. Participants were randomized to one of the 4 methods of delivering informed consent: a professionally produced video, a study staff-produced video, a frequently asked questions (FAQs) text page, and a standard informed consent text page. Following the behavior survey, participants answered 15 questions about comprehension of consent information. Correct responses to each question were given a score of 1, for a total possible scale score of 15. General linear regression and post-hoc Tukey comparisons were used to assess difference (P<.001) in mean consent comprehension scores. A mediation analysis was used to examine the relationship between time spent on consent page and consent comprehension.ResultsOf the 665 MSM participants who completed the comprehension questions, 24.2% (161/665) received the standard consent, 27.1% (180/665) received the FAQ consent, 26.8% (178/665) received the professional consent video, and 22.0% (146/665) received the staff video. The overall average consent comprehension score was 6.28 (SD=2.89). The average consent comprehension score differed significantly across consent type (P<.001), age (P=.04), race or ethnicity (P<.001), and highest level of education (P=.001). Compared with those who received the standard consent, comprehension was significantly higher for participants who received the professional video consent (score increase=1.79; 95% CI 1.02-2.55) and participants who received the staff video consent (score increase=1.79; 95% CI 0.99-2.59). There was no significant difference in comprehension for those who received the FAQ consent. Participants spent more time on the 2 video consents (staff video median time=117 seconds; professional video median time=115 seconds) than the FAQ (median=21 seconds) and standard consents (median=37 seconds). Mediation analysis showed that though time spent on the consent page was partially responsible for some of the differences in comprehension, the direct effects of the professional video (score increase=0.93; 95% CI 0.39-1.48) and the staff-produced video (score increase=0.99; 95% CI 0.42-1.56) were still significant.ConclusionsVideo-based consent methods improve consent comprehension of MSM participating in a Web-based HIV behavioral survey. This effect may be partially mediated through increased time spent reviewing the consent material; however, the video consent may still be superior to standard consent in improving participant comprehension of key study facts.Trail RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02139566; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02139566 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6oRnL261N).
Highlights
Video-based consent methods improve consent comprehension of Men who have sex with men (MSM) participating in a Web-based human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) behavioral survey
This effect may be partially mediated through increased time spent reviewing the consent material; the video consent may still be superior to standard consent in improving participant comprehension of key study facts
Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be the group most impacted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States
Summary
Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be the group most impacted by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States. In many regions around the world, HIV incidence rates among MSM have been increasing [2,3,4]. This increase has been theorized, in part, to result from an increase of MSM using the Internet to facilitate sexual relationships through partner selection websites [4,5,6,7]. Web-based HIV research and prevention opportunities can be valuable. Web-based surveys are increasingly used to capture data essential for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention research. There are challenges in ensuring the informed consent of Web-based research participants
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