Abstract
Patients with an edentulous atrophic mandible restored with endosseous dental implants frequently have an inadequate zone of keratinized tissue in the peri-implant region. Soft tissue reconstructive procedures are commonly required to establish a zone of keratinized tissue adjacent to the supracrestal implant structure that will resist abrasion and adhere tightly to underlying bone and provide a tight marginal seal. A variety of procedures have been described to accomplish this goal, such as free gingival grafts, allografts, pedicle grafts, and split-thickness skin grafts (STSG).
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