Abstract
We determined the stability of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) suspended in either fish processing plant effluent blood water (EBW) or culture media and examined the effectiveness of UVC radiation to inactivate IHNV and VHSV suspended in both solutions. Without exposure to UVC, IHNV and VHSV were maintained in 4°C blood water for up to 48 hours without significant reduction in virus titer. However when exposed to UVC radiation using a low pressure mercury vapour lamp collimated beam, IHNV and VHSV were inactivated, and the efficacy of UVC radiation was dependent upon the solution and virus type being treated. A 3-log reduction for VHSV and IHNV in culture media was achieved at 3.28 and 3.84 mJ cm -2 , respectively. The UV dose needed for a 3-log reduction of VHSV in EBW was 3.82 mJ cm -2 . However, exposure of IHNV in EBW to the maximum UVC dose tested (4.0 mJ cm -2 ) only led to a 2.26-log-reduction. Factors such as particle size, and possible association of viruses with suspended EBW particulate, were not investigated in this study, but may have contributed to the difference in UVC effectiveness. Future work should emphasize improved filtration methods prior to UV treatment of processing plant EBW at an industrial scale.
Highlights
Viral and bacterial diseases can affect wild and farmed aquatic animals
Viral titres for infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) suspended in effluent blood water (EBW) at 4°C remained unchanged up to 48 hours post inoculation while viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) titers were reduced by one log (Figure 1A)
In this study we determined the stability of IHNV and VHSV in effluent from a fish processing plant as well as the effectiveness of Ultraviolet C (UVC) irradiation in sterilizing such wastewater
Summary
Viral and bacterial diseases can affect wild and farmed aquatic animals. In the aquatic environment these infectious agents can spread through the water and infect both commercially harvested and farmreared fish and shellfish [1]. Disease control in wild and farmed aquatic animals is a complex issue, as the dissemination of infectious diseases in either fresh or salt water can be facilitated by natural current and tidal exchanges as well as through anthropogenic practices such as recreational and commercial boat activities. Infectious diseases can potentially be introduced from alternate sources such as fish/shellfish processing plants [2]. Biosecurity measures are among the most effective means to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in the aquatic environment. To mitigate the risk of pathogen dispersion through effluent discharges, alternative disinfection and pathogen neutralization procedures are being investigated
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