Abstract
Papaya crops areas present phytosanitary problems since neonicotinoid pesticides are currently applied without efficient control methods. It is necessary to study insects behavior associated with this type of crop in response to the use of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam. In order to know the efficiency of this insecticide, different doses were evaluated for the control of the type of insects referred to below. The study area was the locality of Mata Tambor in Cotaxtla, Veracruz, Mexico. Where a plot of papaya "Maradol" of 2,778 plants ha-1 was established, applying different doses of thiamethoxam during the process: T1) 0 kg/ha; T2) 0.3 kg/ha; T3) 0.4 kg/ha; and T4) 0.6 kg/ha. The variables were: insect population, gross mortality rate and the identification of pests that cause damage to the crop. No significant statistical differences were found in insect populations when applying those different doses. The mortality rate 16 days after applying thiamethoxam was higher in T3 at a dose of 0.4 kg/ha, this response is attributed to the fact that the insecticide achieved a residual effect on the culture. The use of T2 with a dose of 0.3 kg/ha in the crop became effective in pest control, generating a gross mortality rate of 241 individuals. Papaya cultivation can be associated with pests such as Bemisia tabaci, Myzus persicae, Frankliniella occidentalis and Toxotrypana curvicuada, which are the main vectors of virus in the culture.
Highlights
Papaya is one of the most important and profitable fruits in Mexico and Central America, during its cultivation there are many phytosanitary problems, which affects its level of production
The results obtained for the treatments applied with different doses of thiamethoxam in the papaya crop did not show significant statistical differences (Figure 2)
Whereas16 days after the application of the insecticide, it was observed a decrease in the populations of the insects associated with the papaya crop
Summary
Papaya is one of the most important and profitable fruits in Mexico and Central America, during its cultivation there are many phytosanitary problems, which affects its level of production. In Mexico, the state of Veracruz stands out as the main producer of papaya with 19.7% of its total cultivated area, among its municipalities; the one that contributes the most is Cotaxtla with 21.29% of its total cultivated area [20]. Maradol, is susceptible to the impact of external factors during the handling of the harvest, in addition, it systemically presents damages caused by Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), which is transmitted by the pests of vegetable crops, by close plantations of papaya contaminated and infested with pests and diseases [10]. There are different and numerous pests in the crop, among them, the aphids stand out for causing severe damages, some of them being difficult to control. Decisionmaking for its control is difficult because these species cannot be distinguished [28]
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