Use of the Z-Plasty Technique for Forehead Defects

Abstract

Surgical defects of the forehead are commonplace for the Mohs surgeon. The relaxed skin tension lines (RSTLs) of this region allow for repairs ranging from direct linear closures to more complex advancement flaps. Defects in which the longitudinal axis orients perpendicular to the RSTLs, whether secondary to wound shape or ease of tissue movement, present a somewhat more challenging problem. To describe the use of the Z-plasty in repairing forehead surgical defects. We illustrate two Mohs surgical cases in which the size and location of the forehead defect did not allow for a straightforward and cosmetically acceptable closure. Tissue mobility and defect shape permitted design and implementation of a Z-plasty. Use of the Z-plasty technique allowed a portion of the vertical incision line to be reoriented within the forehead RSTLs, producing a favorable cosmetic outcome. Forehead defects that are shaped such that the long axis is perpendicular to the RSTLs or located in a region where tissue mobility more easily permits a vertical closure can present a challenge for the reconstructive surgeon. Knowledge of tissue mechanics and use of rotation and advancement make the Z-plasty a favorable option in many of these situations.