Use of the inferior epigastric artery as a free graft for myocardial revascularization

Abstract

From March 1990 through January 1991, 47 patients undergoing myocardial revascularization had one (37) or both (10) inferior epigastric arteries (IEA) used as a conduit for bypass with 62 distal anastomoses. The internal thoracic artery (ITA) was used bilaterally in 41 patients and unilaterally in 6 with 100 distal anastomoses. Five patients had a single saphenous vein graft. In total, 167 anastomoses (3.55 per patient) were performed. Single IEA grafts were harvested through a paramedian incision and bilateral grafts, a midline incision. Harvest time was 36.5 minutes for IEA grafts and 29.6 minutes for ITA grafts ( p < 0.0001). Graft length was 11.9 cm for IEA grafts and 16.5 cm for ITA grafts ( p < 0.0001). Distal graft diameter was 2.0 mm for IEA grafts and 2.1 mm for ITA grafts ( p < 0.01). Graft flow was 49.7 mL/min for IEA grafts and 48.7 mL/min for ITA grafts. Microscopic assessment of segments of both the IEA and ITA from 14 patients revealed similar internal elastic laminae and an equal number of fenestrations. Combined intimal and medial thickness was comparable in both conduits. Medial elastic tissue was more prominent in ITA grafts and lacking in eight of the 14 IEA grafts. Gross plaque formation was noted in the proximal 1 to 3 cm of 50% of IEA grafts, but the lumen was not compromised and microscopic thickening was minimal. An unexpected finding was medial calcifications (Mönckeberg's disease) in two of the 14 IEAs without associated atherosclerosis. There was one hospital death, one abdominal wound infection, and one instance of fat necrosis superficial to the sternum. The IEA has proved to be an acceptable conduit with minor associated morbidity. Short-term and long-term patency must be determined.