Use of Texture Feature Maps for the Refinement of Information Derived from Digital Intraoral Radiographs of Lytic and Sclerotic Lesions

Rafał Obuchowicz,Karolina Nurzynska,Barbara Obuchowicz,Andrzej Urbanik,Adam Piórkowski

doi:10.3390/app9152968

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine whether additional digital intraoral radiography (DIR) image preprocessing based on textural description methods improves the recognition and differentiation of periapical lesions. (1) DIR image analysis protocols incorporating clustering with the k-means approach (CLU), texture features derived from co-occurrence matrices, first-order features (FOF), gray-tone difference matrices, run-length matrices (RLM), and local binary patterns, were used to transform DIR images derived from 161 input images into textural feature maps. These maps were used to determine the capacity of the DIR representation technique to yield information about the shape of a structure, its pattern, and adequate tissue contrast. The effectiveness of the textural feature maps with regard to detection of lesions was revealed by two radiologists independently with consecutive interrater agreement. (2) High sensitivity and specificity in the recognition of radiological features of lytic lesions, i.e., radiodensity, border definition, and tissue contrast, was accomplished by CLU, FOF energy, and RLM. Detection of sclerotic lesions was refined with the use of RLM. FOF texture contributed substantially to the high sensitivity of diagnosis of sclerotic lesions. (3) Specific DIR texture-based methods markedly increased the sensitivity of the DIR technique. Therefore, application of textural feature mapping constitutes a promising diagnostic tool for improving recognition of dimension and possibly internal structure of the periapical lesions.

Highlights

The importance of assessment of periapical lesions in clinical decision-making is well known.Osteolytic lesions form as periapical lesions in response to inflammatory infiltrates and are often associated with morbidity of the root canal pulp [1,2,3,4]
We present how effective digital intraoral radiography (DIR) image analyses are with the use of image post-processing in order to refine the acquired information
The original DIR images are presented in the top row, next to the same images after equalization transformation

Summary

Introduction

The importance of assessment of periapical lesions in clinical decision-making is well known. Osteolytic lesions form as periapical lesions in response to inflammatory infiltrates and are often associated with morbidity of the root canal pulp [1,2,3,4]. Recognition of osteolytic changes provides important information about the viability of a tooth, which influences decision-making during the treatment process. The relative complexity of the region is increased by the presence of superimposing structures that result in “anatomical noise”. All of these factors contribute to the difficulty in recognition of bone resorption on radiographic images, which impedes

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