Use of Synchrotron Phase-Sensitive Imaging for the Investigation of Magnetopriming and Solar UV-Exclusion Impact on Soybean (Glycine max) Leaves.

Anis Fatima,Marian Brestic,Anshu Rastogi,Suleyman I Allakhverdiev,Yogesh Kashyap,Ashish Kumar Agrawal,Meeta Jain,Sunita Kataria,Balwant Singh

doi:10.3390/cells10071725

Abstract

The combined response of exclusion of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV-A+B and UV-B) and static magnetic field (SMF) pre-treatment of 200 mT for 1 h were studied on soybean (Glycine max) leaves using synchrotron imaging. The seeds of soybean with and without SMF pre-treatment were sown in nursery bags kept in iron meshes where UV-A+B (280–400 nm) and UV-B (280–315 nm) from solar radiation were filtered through a polyester filters. Two controls were planned, one with polythene filter controls (FC)- which allows all the UV (280–400 nm); the other control had no filter used (open control-OC). Midrib regions of the intact third trifoliate leaves were imaged using the phase-contrast imaging technique at BL-4, Indus-2 synchrotron radiation source. The solar UV exclusion results suggest that ambient UV caused a reduction in leaf growth which ultimately reduced the photosynthesis in soybean seedlings, while SMF treatment caused enhancement of leaf growth along with photosynthesis even under the presence of ambient UV-B stress. The width of midrib and second-order veins, length of the second-order veins, leaf vein density, and the density of third-order veins obtained from the quantitative image analysis showed an enhancement in the leaves of plants that emerged from SMF pre-treated seeds as compared to untreated ones grown in open control and filter control conditions (in the presence of ambient UV stress). SMF pre-treated seeds along with UV-A+B and UV-B exclusion also showed significant enhancements in leaf parameters as compared to the UV excluded untreated leaves. Our results suggested that SMF-pretreatment of seeds diminishes the ambient UV-induced adverse effects on soybean.

Highlights

This article is an open access articleOne of the non-ionizing parts of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is ultraviolet radiation
Individual and joint exclusion of solar UV-A+B, ultraviolet-Bradiation radiation excluded excluded (UV-B) radiation, and static magnetic field (SMF) pre-treatment significantly enhanced all leaf growth parameters studied in the present study, but the extent of enhancement was greater when the plants pre-treated with SMF were grown under ambient UV stress
A prominent increase was observed in the area and length of the middle leaflet of the third trifoliate leaves of soybean plants raised after SMF (200 mT for 1 h) priming with or without ambient UV radiations (Figure 2a,b)

Summary

Introduction

This article is an open access articleOne of the non-ionizing parts of the electromagnetic spectrum of solar radiation is ultraviolet radiation. The UV-C and major part of UV-B radiations are absorbed by the earth’s ozone layer [1]. Anthropogenic activities resulted in the reduction of the ozone layer, due to which the percentage of UV-B reaching the earth increased [2,3]. This further resulted in an increasing interest of scientists to understand how plants with a sessile nature react to this increased level of UV-B radiation [2,3,4,5,6]. The different responses of high UV-B radiation on plant structure, morphology, physiology, and genetics have been intensively studied previously [2,4,5,7] where UV-B radiations have been observed to adversely impact the cell membrane and caused changes in plant photosynthesis and enzyme activities [2,8]

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