Abstract
With a view to analyze metribuzin residues in soil samples, we need to use special and suitable extraction methods with high efficiency. Five simple and rapid extraction methods (solid phase extraction (SPE) with hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB), SPE with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), ultrasonic, quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuECheRS) method, and liquid-solid extraction) coupled to gas chromatography were used for the analysis of metribuzin herbicide residues in soils. Mean recovery values of analyte were > 80%. Extracts were analyzed by a gas chromatographic (GC) system equipped with an electron capture detector (ECD). The order of mean recovery values of metribuzin for the five extraction methods is: SPE with HLB > SPE with MWCNTs > ultrasonic > QuECheRS > liquid-solid extraction. Mean recovery of analyte depends on the type of soil. The results of this study show that SPE with HLB extraction method is the best option for extracting metribuzin in selected soils.
Highlights
The application of pesticides is a usual practice in modern agriculture
The order of mean recovery values of metribuzin for the five extraction methods is: solid phase extraction (SPE) with Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) > SPE with MWCNTs > ultrasonic > QuECheRS > liquid-solid extraction (Table 4), but there is no significant difference between using SPE with MWCNTs, ultrasound and QuECheRS
As the SPE with HLB method had the highest recovery of metribuzin in all soils and spiking levels and there is no significant difference between SPE with MWCNTs, ultrasonic and QuECheRS methods, for some of the same soils with properties in this range, the SPE with HLB method can be selected as the suitable option for metribuzin herbicide extraction
Summary
The application of pesticides is a usual practice in modern agriculture. owing to intensive use of these compounds, a fraction of the amounts used reach the soil and become an unavoidable part of the environment.[1,2] it is important to monitor their residues in all environmental segments and their monitoring has been frequently performed throughout the world.[3,4,5]The fate of pesticides in soil is controlled by the chemical, biological and physical dynamics of this matrix.[6,7,8] Pesticides are degraded by chemical and Metribuzin is an s-triazine herbicide with water solubility of 1.2 g L−1 at 20 °C widely used pre- and postemergence for broadleaf weed control in potato, sugarcane, soybean, and other crops.[18,19] Tiazine herbicides are weakly basic in nature and can be sorbed to both soil organic carbon and clay minerals[4,20] with sorption. The application of pesticides is a usual practice in modern agriculture. Owing to intensive use of these compounds, a fraction of the amounts used reach the soil and become an unavoidable part of the environment.[1,2] it is important to monitor their residues in all environmental segments and their monitoring has been frequently performed throughout the world.[3,4,5]. The fate of pesticides in soil is controlled by the chemical, biological and physical dynamics of this matrix.[6,7,8] Pesticides are degraded by chemical and Metribuzin is an s-triazine herbicide with water solubility of 1.2 g L−1 at 20 °C widely used pre- and postemergence for broadleaf weed control in potato, sugarcane, soybean, and other crops.[18,19] Tiazine herbicides are weakly basic in nature and can be sorbed to both soil organic carbon and clay minerals[4,20] with sorption
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