Abstract
Behavioural toxicology is an emerging field of ecotoxicology gaining prominence in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The aim of this work is to review studies investigating the avoidance behaviour of soil invertebrates in contaminated soils. The review begins with an overview of experimental design and abiotic factors that influence soil invertebrates’ behaviour followed by trends in literature related to three contaminant classes (metals, pesticides and organics). Despite the incidence of non-avoidance or even attraction in a few cases, a common theme across all contaminants reviewed is that avoidance test appears to be the most sensitive test in a suite of tests and species-specific responses. These findings reinforce the importance of testing avoidance behaviour on a battery of test organisms. The review concludes with a synthesis of current challenges is discussed with recommendations for future directions to fill data gaps identified.Graphic Abstract
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