Abstract
The purpose of this integrative review is to evaluate research pertaining to self-management programs for older adults with chronic diseases using Albert Bandura’s Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) for behavior change. The focus is application of the SCT domains to self-management programs. The exploration of the current chronic disease self-management research provides an understanding of the Social Cognitive Theory concepts studied in interventional self-management research. The integrative review explicated two areas related to the theory in need of further research. First, social support has not been thoroughly explored as a mechanism for enhancing self-management interventions. Second, moral disengagement was not identified as a focus within chronic disease research raising the question about the impact of moral disengagement on long-term adherence and behavior change.
Highlights
Chronic disease is a universal problem of epidemic proportions [1]
Articles were included for review if they were written in English and researchers had a) studied samples of older adults (65+) or samples of older adults and middle aged adults with a mean sample age of 65 or older; b) studied samples that included patients with chronic disease; and c) focused on self-management programs
Initial limitations of studies published within the last 10 years was used, but this significantly limited the sample size. As this demonstrates a lack of research in older adults, the time limit was opened and manuscripts were accepted consistent with the initial inception of the Chronic Disease Self-Management Program
Summary
Chronic disease is a universal problem of epidemic proportions [1]. In 2008, the World Health OrganizationHow to cite this paper: Sell, K., Amella, E., Mueller, M., Andrews, J. and Wachs, J. (2016) Use of Social Cognitive Theory to Assess Salient Clinical Research in Chronic Disease Self-Management for Older Adults: An Integrative Review. (WHO) estimated that of total deaths worldwide, 63% were due to non-communicable diseases [2] Premature death in those under 60 accounted for 25% of mortality; the majority of deaths were older adults with chronic diseases. Of those deaths worldwide, 80% of the individuals had significant risk factors [2] that could have responded to preventive interventions and decreased the likelihood of death. In the United States the mortality rate for older adults living with chronic disease is increased, with chronic disease being the number one cause of death among older adults [3]. Identifying prevention and health maintenance initiatives with specific emphasis on older adults who demonstrate the highest burden of disease is a crucial endeavor for all countries
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