Abstract
The field of cooperative intelligent transport systems and more specifically pedestrians to vehicles could be characterized as quite challenging, since there is a broad research area to be studied, with direct positive results to society. Pedestrians to vehicles is a type of cooperative intelligent transport system, within the group of early warning collision/safety system. In this article, we examine the research and applications carried out so far within the field of pedestrians to vehicles cooperative transport systems by leveraging the information coming from vulnerable road users’ smartphones. Moreover, an extensive literature review has been carried out in the fields of vulnerable road users outdoor localisation via smartphones and vulnerable road users next step/movement prediction, which are closely related to pedestrian to vehicle applications and research. We identify gaps that exist in these fields that could be improved/extended/enhanced or newly developed, while we address future research objectives and methodologies that could support the improvement/development of those identified gaps.
Highlights
Vulnerable road users is a collective term used to describe cyclists, motorcyclists, moped riders and pedestrians
Test different data mining techniques such as mean absolute error, root mean squared error, mean absolute percentage error and mean absolute scaled error.The models will be evaluated in terms of the accuracy, precision and recall results; Integrate those models into a simulated environment using specific simulator environments like Veins [35] where the communication and real-time reaction of different entities will be incorporated and evaluated; Our main objective is for the data processing part, data fusion, outdoor activity detection, street matching, environment classification, prediction and risk classification to be executed on the pedestrians mobile phone, a matter that needs to be evaluated during simulations, in terms of performance and smartphone battery consumption
According to the World Health Organization, from 2007 to 2015, approximately 1.25 million people have died each year in traffic accidents worldwide, with half of these deaths being pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists (VRUs)
Summary
Vulnerable road users is a collective term used to describe cyclists, motorcyclists, moped riders and pedestrians. Due to the fact that the number of fatalities remains high and despite the recent advances in traffic safety, the United Nations have set as one of the first priorities to halve the number of deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020 [2] while the European Commission aims at reducing the number of fatalities in road transport to nearly zero by 2050 In this context, cooperative intelligent transport systems could play a significant role, since they utilize the coordination between different traffic agents such as vehicles and vulnerable road users. Cooperative intelligent transport systems could play a significant role, since they utilize the coordination between different traffic agents such as vehicles and vulnerable road users In such a scenario, vehicles and VRUs could exchange information in order to prevent dangerous traffic situations.
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