Abstract
Conventional sewage treatment methods mostly do not treat wastewater adequately hence posing a huge problem to the survival of the aquatic life when released to the waterway. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effect of seasonal variations on performance of both conventional sewage treatment and laboratory based 0.1 mm sand filter and to further improve the quality of the effluent from the treatment plant by subjecting the effluent to sand filtration for further treatment. Effluent from conventional sewage treatment plant was introduced into the filter. Pour plate method was used to determine total coliforms, BOD5 technique for Biological Oxygen Demand, COD digestion method for Chemical Oxygen Demand and gravimetric method for Total Suspended Solids. The parameters in this study were significantly (< 0.05) higher in the final effluent than in the filtrate during the two seasons. In addition, the parameters in the final effluent were significantly (< 0.05) lower during wet season compared to dry season. The two methods of wastewater treatment were efficient in treating the waste however, the conventional treatment plant was more efficient during wet season than dry season.
Highlights
Rise in urbanization, population, economic developments and improved living conditions are the cause of increased generation of wastewater by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors [1, 2, 3]
The massive reduction of total coliforms (TC) observed in this study during wet season than in dry season could be attributed to a number of factors that together eliminate these and other bacteria in wastewater treatment plants
The conventional sewage treatment systems is a system commonly used in most municipal sewage treatment plants, The significant difference that exists in the physicochemical parameters during dry and wet season and registration of lower figures during wet season could be attributed to various factors; Biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand were lower during wet season than dry after the wastewater been treated by the combination of oxidation ponds and trickling filters
Summary
Population, economic developments and improved living conditions are the cause of increased generation of wastewater by the domestic, industrial and commercial sectors [1, 2, 3]. This increase has resulted to insufficient treatment of wastewater by the existing conventional sewage treatment methods. Huge amounts of organic matter and nutrients from raw sewage dumped to a weak hydrodynamic environment poses health and environmental problems from deterioration of water quality [4, 5, 6, 7]. Over 5,200 water bodies in United States does not meet ambient water – quality standards for their designated uses as a result of pathogens, while approximately 4,800 are impaired as a result of nutrients and partly due to failed onsite treatment and disposal systems [8]
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