Use of seatbelts by vehicle occupants in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

SUMMARY Road traffic accidents are a major cause of death and disability worldwide. A number of mechanisms have been put in place to reduce the ensuing injuries, one of which is the use of seatbelts. This observational study was carried out to determine seatbelt use by vehicle occupants in University College Hospital (U.C.H). Trained research assistants observed drivers and other vehicle occupants as they drove into the only fuel station within the hospital premises between 8.30a.m and 6.00 p.m. over a six-day period. Data on vehicle occupant characteristics, presence and use of installed seat belts was documented using a modified version of the FIA foundation sample seatbelt wearing observation form. A total of 570 occupants in 402 vehicles were observed. There were 402 drivers and 117 and 50 front and rear seat occupants respectively. The only child observed was unrestrained and seated on an adults lap in the front. Seat belt use by the drivers, front and rear seat passengers were 76 (18.9%), 16 (13.7%) and 2 (4%) respectively. A higher proportion 29 (29.9%) of all female drivers compared with male drivers 47 (15.4%) were restrained (X 2 = 9.152, p = 0.02). Overall seat belt use observed was 16.5% and driver use was only 18.9% in spite of the existence of a law mandating use of seatbelt by drivers. Better enforcement of the current law is necessary and it should be extended to cover other vehicle occupants. The hospital environment presents a good opportunity to educate the public on the importance of seatbelt use utilizing various health education methods.