Use of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) and Historical Imagery for Claims of Sedimentation of Lakes and Streams

Abstract

The consequences of erosion and subsequent sedimentation of lakes and streams are many and widespread. The natural process of erosion can be accelerated by land cover changes with an increase in areas of impervious surfaces. Sediment is continually being transported along all streams in nature and can come from anywhere in the watershed. Lakes slow the rate of velocity of the water and allow the entrained sediment to settle and accumulate. When sediment impacts water impoundments, legal actions may result. Even with evidence of specific sediment release, the forensic analysis may not be an open-and-shut case. The author presents a method to investigate the validity of a legal claim of a sediment-impacted lake at the outfall of a mixed rural/urban watershed. By combining land use change, soils, elevation and precipitation data, a maximum possible annual sediment loss was approximately 154 tonne per hectare (15.4 kg/m2). Lacking evidence of specific historic events of erosion and subsequent sedimentation, this method provides an equitable means of determining compensatory damages. Using aerial and satellite imagery provided historical evidence of land cover change and examples of significant erosion in the watershed and not named in the lawsuit. The focus of the litigation started with the property adjoining the effected lake. The analysis provides a method to investigate erosion and subsequent sedimentation claims at a watershed-scale.