Abstract
BackgroundRecent internal migration flows from rural to urban areas pose challenges to women using reproductive health care services in their migratory destinations. No studies were found which examined the relationship between migration, migration-associated indicators and reproductive health care services in Bangladesh.MethodsWe analyzed the 2006 Bangladesh Urban Health Survey (data made publically available in June 2013) of 14,191 ever-married women aged 10–59 years. Cross tabulations and logistic regression were conducted.ResultsMigrants and non-migrants did not differ significantly in their use of modern contraceptives and treatment for STI but were less likely to receive ANC even after controlling for a range of variables. Compared to non-migrants, more migrants had home births, did not take vitamin A after delivery, and had no medical exam post-birth. Migrant women being village-born (rather than urban-born) were associated with risk of diminished: use of ANC; treatment for STI; medical exam post-birth; vitamin A post-birth. Migrating for work or education (rather than other reasons) was associated with risk of diminished: use of ANC; use of modern facilities for birth; and medical exam post-birth. Each additional year lived in urban areas was associated with a greater likelihood of receiving ANC.ConclusionsWomen who migrated to urban areas in Bangladesh were significantly less likely than non-migrants to use reproductive health care services related to pregnancy care. Pro-actively identifying migrant women, especially those who originated from villages or migrated for work or education may be warranted to ensure optimal use of pregnancy-related services.
Highlights
Recent internal migration flows from rural to urban areas pose challenges to women using reproductive health care services in their migratory destinations
Relationship between migrant status of women and their use of reproductive health care services Table 1 shows the socio-demographic characteristics of Bangladeshi urban women by migration status
Bangladeshi women who migrated to urban areas in Bangladesh were significantly less likely than nonmigrants to use reproductive health care services related to pregnancy care: antenatal care (ANC); giving birth in modern facilities; receiving a medical exam post-birth; and receiving vitamin A post-birth
Summary
Recent internal migration flows from rural to urban areas pose challenges to women using reproductive health care services in their migratory destinations. Rapid urbanization has occurred throughout lowincome countries, where 80 % of the world’s largest cities are located [1] Such rapid urban growth largely manifests itself in the expansion of already crowded squatter settlements and slums, placing enormous strain on public resources and presenting challenges for local health authorities [2, 3]. The UN Population Division predicts a 93 % increase in the urban population of Bangladesh between 2000 and 2020 driven primarily by rural to urban migration [2, 4, 5] These recent migration flows pose challenges to women needing reproductive. Damaging exposures may include physical and socio-cultural environments and health behaviours.
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