Abstract
Vaccinia virus (VACV) is one of the most extensively-studied viruses of the Poxviridae family. It is easy to genetically modify, so it has become a key tool for many applications. In this context, reporter genes facilitate the study of the role of foreign genes introduced into the genome of VACV. In this review, we describe the type of reporter genes that have been used to generate reporter-expressing VACV and the applications of the recombinant viruses obtained. Reporter-expressing VACV are currently employed in basic and immunology research, in the development of vaccines and cancer treatment.
Highlights
Since the first description of recombinant DNA techniques, many advances have been achieved in the field of molecular biology and genetic modification
There is a wide variety of tools that allow the genetic modification of animals, plants, bacteria and viruses [1,2,3,4]
After the description of recombination events in cells infected with vaccinia virus (VACV) and through recombinant DNA technology [7,8], VACV has become a suitable model for the generation of recombinant virus vectors [9]
Summary
Since the first description of recombinant DNA techniques, many advances have been achieved in the field of molecular biology and genetic modification. The genetic modification of viruses has become one of the best strategies for introducing nucleic acids into different cells, tissues or even in in vivo models, given the high transfection efficiency and ease of carrying it out, compared to chemical or physiological methods [5,6]. With the latest technical advances and the higher understanding of the VACV viral cycle, virus genetic modification is getting a wider spectrum purpose. They can be used for the development of vaccines or as oncolytic agents. This review aims to highlight the main aspects of the genetic modification of VACV and the generation and application of reporter-expressing virus in this model
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