Use of remote sensing results in the tasks of navigational and hydrographic situation monitoring

Abstract

The paper presents the possibilities of using modern online sources of satellite information in the tasks of monitoring the ecological and navigational-hydrographic situation and building on their basis methods and information technologies to reflect the state of marine waters and operational forecasting of changes in this state. For the tasks of monitoring the ecological and navigational-hydrographic situation, one of the most convenient and informative is the marine environment monitoring service COPERNICUS (CMEMS). This service collects and presents data on observations of spatio-temporal variability of sea water temperature and salinity values, streams parameters, etc. by using specialized artificial satellites Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, which intended for use in the mission of a dual satellite with high viewing frequency and high resolution. CMEMS provides, on a regular and systematic basis, information on the physical condition, variability and dynamics of the oceanic and marine ecosystems. The principle of measurement uses natural microwave emissions on the sea surface, which vary depending on the degree of roughness of the sea surface. You can get the parameters of wind direction, atmospheric water vapor, rain speed, sea ice (age, concentration and limit), the length of the snow cover and the water content in the snow. High-resolution ice mapping services provide ice classification and floating ice data to navies and shipping companies to ensure safe year-round shipping. The ability of the Sentinel-1 to conduct observations in any weather and during the day or night makes it ideal for accurately determining the location and movement of the vessel at sea. Oil detection applications are used to gather evidence of illegal discharges, analyze the spread of oil spills and search for oil reserves by detecting natural infiltration. Sentinel-1 marine products, in combination with global sea wave models, help determine the direction, wavelength and height of waves on the open sea, as well as help predict the weather, the movement of ships and the use of wave energy. In addition, Sentinel-1 can provide data on the interaction of ocean waves and streams, which allows you to visualize large-scale ocean streams, cold/warm water massifs, coastal streams and internal waves. Software and hardware complexes and information-analytical systems created with the use of these methods and technologies can significantly increase the efficiency and effectiveness of solving problems of environmental monitoring, navigation and hydrographic support of navigation, search and rescue operations in marine waters.