Abstract
Non-destructive techniques are widely used to explore and detect burial remains in archaeological sites. In this study, we present two sets of sensors, aerial and geophysics, that we have combined to analyze a 2 ha sector of ground in the Torreparedones Archaeological Park located in Cordoba, Spain. Aerial platforms were used in a first step to identify a Roman amphitheater located near the Roman city. To ensure greater reliability and to rule out geological causes, a geophysical survey was subsequently carried out. Magnetic gradiometer, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were also used to confirm the existence of this structure, define the geometry and, to the greatest possible extent, determine the degree of preservation of this construction. The adverse conditions for data acquisition was one of the main constraints, since the area of interest was an almond plantation which conditioned geophysical profiles. In addition, due to the low dielectric and magnetic contrast between the structures and the embedding material, meticulous data processing was required. In order to obtain further evidence of this amphitheater and to corroborate the aerial images and the geophysical models, an archaeological excavation was carried out. The results confirmed the cross-validation with the predicted non-destructive models. Therefore, this work can serve as an example to be used prior to conservation actions to investigate the suburbs and landscapes near similar roman cities in Spain.
Highlights
Torreparedones is an archaeological site located in the municipal districts of Baena and Castro del Río in the province of Cordoba, Spain
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) methods were used to confirm the existence of this structure, define the geometry and, to the greatest possible extent, determine the degree of preservation of this construction
The results suggest that future geophysical surveys, eventually with more detailed sampling in some sectors, should mainly rely on the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method (2D and 3D techniques)
Summary
Torreparedones is an archaeological site located in the municipal districts of Baena and Castro del Río in the province of Cordoba, Spain. The area of interest was located at the western edge of the Roman forum (Figure 1), near the maTinhreoaadretahaotfpirnotveirdeesdt awccaessslotocattheedfoarttitfhieed wciteys.tAerrncheadeogleogoifcatlhdeepRoosmitsahnafvoerbuemen(iFdiegnutirfeied1)o, nnear the maainporrotaiodn tohfatMpiorcoevniedemdataecrciaelsssfotormthede fboyrtmifiaerdls,cbitiyo.claAsrticchsaaenodlsotgoincea,ladnedpsoasnitdss h[4a]v. FoRrefumtuorteeesxecnavsiantigonasn, idn ogredoeprhtoysuincdael rmstaenthdods are capthaebalercohfaegoelnoegricaatlinfrgamimewagoerks aanndd emstoabdleislsh opfrebsuerrvieadtiornemmaeianssur[e1s2.–16], and provide more complete information such as the geoarchaeological characterization and geotechnical context of the site. These methods can indicate the best location for future excavations, in order to understand the archaeological framework and establish preservation measures. Imaging technology is increasingly being used to identify buried archaeological remains, one of the drawbacks of this non-destructive approach is the lower resolution of the images compared to excavations [23,24]. The results confirm that the buried remains have a good correlation with the models obtained using indirect methods
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