Abstract
Elite athletes may use psychotropic substances for recreational reasons, (perceived) performance enhancement or self-medication. Causes can hereby overlap. In substance use, recreational consumption aiming primarily at psychotropic effects is distinguished from performance-enhancing use (doping). Doping substances include anabolic agents, growth factors, masking agents and blood doping, which do not possess specific psychoactive effects. In substance use among elite athletes the scientific and media focus is on doping, however the use of psychotropic substances is an issue of medical importance.
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