Abstract
Environmental surveillance of poliovirus (PV) and other non-enveloped viruses can help identify silent circulation and is necessary to certify eradication. The bag-mediated filtration system is an efficient method to filter large volumes of environmental waters at field sites for monitoring the presence of viruses. As filters may require long transit times to off-site laboratories for processing, viral inactivation or overgrowth of bacteria and fungi can interfere with virus detection and quantification (Miki and Jacquet in Aquatic Microb Ecol 51(2):195–208, 2008). To evaluate virus survival over time on ViroCap™ filters, the filters were seeded with PV type 1 (PV1) and/or MS2 and then dosed with preservatives or antibiotics prior to storage and elution. These filters were stored at various temperatures and time periods, and then eluted for PV1 and MS2 recovery quantification. Filters dosed with the preservative combination of 2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% calcium propionate had increased virus survival over time when stored at 25 °C, compared to samples stored at 25 °C with no preservatives. While elution within 24 h of filtration is recommended, if storage or shipping is required then this preservative mixture can help preserve sample integrity. Addition of an antibiotic cocktail containing cephapirin, gentamicin, and Proclin™ 300 increased recovery after storage at 4 and 25 °C, when compared to storage with no antibiotics. The antibiotic cocktail can aid sample preservation if access to appropriate antibiotics storage is available and sample cold chain is unreliable. This study demonstrated that the use of preservatives or antibiotics is a simple, cost-effective method to improve virus detection from ViroCap cartridge filters over time.
Highlights
Environmental surveillance of pathogenic viruses is crucial for monitoring the spread of disease
This study demonstrated that the use of preservatives or antibiotics is a simple, cost-effective method to improve virus detection from ViroCap cartridge filters over time
Infected individuals shed the virus in their stool; in a study where participants received a monovalent oral polio vaccine, Sabin-like (SL) PV type 1 and SL PV type 3 were shed at a load of up to 107 infectious units/day (104 infectious units/g stool) (Lodder et al 2012)
Summary
Environmental surveillance of pathogenic viruses is crucial for monitoring the spread of disease. PV is a pathogen of international public health concern that the World Health Organization (WHO) is seeking to eradicate through the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (World Health Organization 2016). While clinical surveillance is the gold standard for monitoring the distribution of PV, fewer than 1 in 100 infections result in acute symptoms (Hovi et al 2012). Infected individuals shed the virus in their stool; in a study where participants received a monovalent oral polio vaccine, Sabin-like (SL) PV type 1 and SL PV type 3 were shed at a load of up to 107 infectious units/day (104 infectious units/g stool) (Lodder et al 2012). MS2 is used as an indicator species for fecal contamination (Gerba et al 2003; Adams 1959) and environmental surveillance of MS2 can indicate if a beach area is
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
