Abstract
The occlusion of dentinal tubules is an effective method to alleviate the symptoms caused by dentin hypersensitivity, a significant health problem in dentistry and daily life. The in situ mineralization within dentinal tubules is a promising treatment for dentin hypersensitivity as it induces the formation of mineral on the sensitive regions and occludes the dentinal tubules. This study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro effect of a whole generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G3.0) on dentinal tubule occlusion by inducing mineralization within dentinal tubules. Dentin discs were treated with PAMAM dendrimers using two methods, followed by the in vitro characterization using Attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). These results showed that G3.0 PAMAM dendrimers coated on dentin surface and infiltrated in dentinal tubules could induce hydroxyapatite formation and resulted in effective dentinal tubule occlusion. Moreover, crosslinked PAMAM dendrimers could induce the remineralization of demineralized dentin and thus had the potential in dentinal tubule occlusion. In this in vitro study, dentinal tubules occlusion could be achieved by using PAMAM dendrimers. This could lead to the development of a new therapeutic technique for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity.
Highlights
Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most commonly occurring clinical dental conditions which is characterized by short, sharp pains and arises from exposed dentin reacting to external stimuli, which typically are thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical[1,2]
After dentin discs were coated with pure G3.0 PAMAM dendrimer, the resonances at 1648 and 1547 cm-1, assigned as amide I and amide II bands became more intense (b), compared with sound dentin (a), indicating that dendrimer molecules were successfully attached to the surface of dentin discs
After the dentin discs were treated with neutral EDTA solution for 72 h, the attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR analysis showed that the resonances at 1629 and 1556 cm-1, assigned as amide I and amide II bands of type I collagen[25], were strengthened, while the resonances attributed to PO43- were doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0124735.g001
Summary
Dentin hypersensitivity is one of the most commonly occurring clinical dental conditions which is characterized by short, sharp pains and arises from exposed dentin reacting to external stimuli, which typically are thermal, evaporative, tactile, osmotic or chemical[1,2]. Dentin desensitizing products, containing agents such as fluoride, strontium salts, oxalate, glutaraldehyde and bioactive glass, are employed to treat dentin hypersensitivity[6,7,8,9,10]. These products and agents were reported to be effective, short durability and poor effectiveness were often exhibited as the therapeutic effects of these desensitizing products were short lived on account of daily tooth brushing or drinking of acidic beverages and the occlusion effects were sometimes incomplete[11,12].
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