Use of Placental Growth Factor and Uterine Artery Doppler Pulsatility Index in Pregnancies Involving Intrauterine Fetal Growth Restriction or Preeclampsia to Predict Perinatal Outcomes

Abstract

Aim: The potential of uterine artery (UA) Doppler pulsatility index (PI) and maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) level to predict perinatal outcome was explored in pregnancies complicated by intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUGR) or preeclampsia (PE). Methods: This longitudinal, prospective, and case-controlled study was conducted over a period of 24 months. At-risk pregnancies involving small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses, IUGR, gestational hypertension (GH), or PE were investigated, analyzing UA Doppler PI findings and maternal PlGF levels determined at the time of diagnosis (third trimester). Results: UA Doppler PI and maternal serum PlGF values differed significantly in pregnancies complicated by IUGR and/or PE (vs. SGA or GH, p < 0.01). In the context of IUGR or PE, both parameters also differed significantly by perinatal outcome (adverse vs. normal, p < 0.01), although no predictive advantage over UA Doppler PI alone was conferred by adding a PlGF assay. Conclusion: UA Doppler PI and maternal serum PlGF determinations in the third trimester help identify pregnancies at the highest risk of adverse perinatal outcomes due to IUGR and/or PE. Although joint testing confers no predictive benefit over UA Doppler PI alone, the two diagnostics are interchangeable for this purpose.