Use of Piezoelectric Immunosensors for Detection of Interferon-Gamma Interaction with Specific Antibodies in the Presence of Released-Active Forms of Antibodies to Interferon-Gamma.

Elena Don,Tatyana Ermolaeva,Darya Shulga,Darya Barykina,Alena Borshcheva,Marina Nikiforova,Sergey Tarasov,Suzanna Pokhil,Oleg Epstein,Olga Farafonova

doi:10.3390/s16010096

Elena Don, Tatyana Ermolaeva + Show 8 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/s16010096

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Abstract

In preliminary ELISA studies where released-active forms (RAF) of antibodies (Abs) to interferon-gamma (IFNg) were added to the antigen-antibody system, a statistically significant difference in absorbance signals obtained in their presence in comparison to placebo was observed. A piezoelectric immunosensor assay was developed to support these data and investigate the effects of RAF Abs to IFNg on the specific interaction between Abs to IFNg and IFNg. The experimental conditions were designed and optimal electrode coating, detection circumstances and suitable chaotropic agents for electrode regeneration were selected. The developed technique was found to provide high repeatability, intermediate precision and specificity. The difference between the analytical signals of RAF Ab samples and those of the placebo was up to 50.8%, whereas the difference between non-specific controls and the placebo was within 5%–6%. Thus, the piezoelectric immunosensor as well as ELISA has the potential to be used for detecting the effects of RAF Abs to IFNg on the antigen-antibody interaction, which might be the result of RAF’s ability to modify the affinity of IFNg to specific/related Abs.

Highlights

Drug products containing antibodies (Abs) or their derivatives as active ingredients have been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of severe and socially significant diseases, such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, influenza, acute respiratory tract viral infections, diabetes, etc. [1,2].The principle interaction underlying therapeutic effects of such medicines is the antigen-antibody (Ag-Abs) interaction, the identification and quantification of which is an important target for immunoassays [3,4]
This work is aimed at demonstrating the possibility of using piezoelectric immunosensors (PI) as an efficient tool to tackle novel tasks, in particular those associated with analyzing the effects of released-active forms of Abs to interferon-gamma (RAF Abs to IFNg) on immune interactions at a molecular level
Because the characteristics of PI are largely dependent on the concentration and steric availability of biomolecules immobilized onto the electrode surface, we suggested that this approach could be used for identification tests and assays of RAF Abs

Summary

Introduction

Drug products containing antibodies (Abs) or their derivatives as active ingredients have been successfully used for the prevention and treatment of severe and socially significant diseases, such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, influenza, acute respiratory tract viral infections, diabetes, etc. [1,2].The principle interaction underlying therapeutic effects of such medicines is the antigen-antibody (Ag-Abs) interaction, the identification and quantification of which is an important target for immunoassays [3,4]. Sensors 2016, 16, 96 various labels [9,10,11,12,13,14]; (4) detection techniques employing rapid, portable, high-sensitivity sensors. The latter include immunochromatographic systems [15,16], immunochips [17], or immunosensors [14,18], which represent a fast-developing approach in laboratory analysis using various types of biologically sensitive elements to furnish information about the Ag-Abs interaction in the form of electrical signals [19]. Among major advantages of immunosensors are the rapidity of analysis, convenience of use, possibility of quantification with subsequent mathematical processing, portability of the test devices and high sensitivity [19]

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