Use of physical restraints and its associated risk factors in the aged care facilities: A multicentre cross-sectional study.

Abstract

To investigate the use of physical restraints in aged care facilities(ACFs)and analyse its associated risk factors. Physical restraints have been widely used in ACFs worldwide, but they can cause physical and mental harm to older people. It is important to regulate the use of physical restraint. A cross-sectional observational and correlational multicentre study. By convenience sampling method, we selected eight ACFs in four representative regions of Hunan province, China, for this study. The ACF-related information was obtained by interviewing the managers and reviewing records. We conducted investigation and observation on the elderly in the ACFs to understand the use of physical restraints at three different times: 9:30-11:30, 16:00-18:00 and 19:30-21:30 on a working day. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross-sectional study. This study found that the utilisation rate of physical restraints was 23.2%. The critical risk factors affecting the use of physical restrains include the following: (1) the ratio of nursing staff to the elderly residents; (2)whether there is a dementia care unit at the facility; (3) the number of elderly residents in each room; (4) the elderly residents' age, degree of education, marital status, care dependence and cognitive impairment; (5) whether the elderly has suffered from a stroke or senile dementia; (6) whether the elderly carries medical catheters. There is a lack of standardisation in the use of physical restraints in ACFs of central China. Chinese ACFs should develop guidelines and reduction measures to standardise the use of physical restraints, basing on the key factors affecting the use of physical restraints. The use of physical restraints in ACFs is threatening the safety of the elderly residents. Understanding the implementation of physical restraint in ACFs can provide reference for reducing the use of physical restraint.