Abstract
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Highlights
The size of the humic substance (HS) market, which is dominated by the agricultural and horticultural sectors, was 494.9 million USD in 2020 (Puldini and Pandey, 2020)
The fluorescence index (FI) has been shown from parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) analysis to be accounted for primarily by partially reduced quinones (Cory and McKnight, 2005) and was strongly associated with electron accepting capacity (EAC) in the principal component analysis (PCA) described below (Section 3.12)
Characteristics calculated from the UV/VIS and excitation emission matrix (EEM) analysis are given in Supplementary Table 1 and UV/VIS and EEMs spectra are shown in Supplementary Figures 1,2 in the supporting information
Summary
The size of the humic substance (HS) market, which is dominated by the agricultural and horticultural sectors, was 494.9 million USD in 2020 (Puldini and Pandey, 2020). The demand in these sectors is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 12% to reach 610.5 and 235.7 M, respectively, by 2027. The impacts of climate change have produced modifications in temperature, rain fall, and drought patterns This climate variation imposes abiotic stresses on plants, which exacerbate biotic stresses, both of which result in significant negative impacts on crop productivity (Onyekashi, 2019)
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